Dynamo-electric machine.



V. 'A. 'FYNN, nnumo ELBOTBIO MACHINE.

APPLIOATIOH I'ILED JUNE 26 1911 Patented Apr. 14,1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTOR v WITNESSES.

Yalere A. Fynn,

- V. A. PYNN.

. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

urmoynon I'ILQD mm 26, 1911.

Patent d Apr. 14,1914

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INVENTOR rfff i r imi;

val re A. Fynn 'vfA. rum.

1,093,045; Patented Ap1 .14 ,1914.-

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UNITED STATEti PATFQN @F ICE.

WALTER/E ALFRED FYNN, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, AS SIGNOR- TO 'WAGNEB ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF MISSOURI.

LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF DYNAIVIO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Application filed June 26, 1911.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 14;, 191i.

Serial No. 635,299.

T all 1117! um it mug/ concern lie it known that I, VALicnn ALFRED FYiyN, a subject of the King of England, residing at London. England, have invented a certain nc and useful l )ynanio-Electric Machine. of which the following is such a full, clear, and exact description as will enable any one skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, retorence being bad to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to continuous cur rent machines and more particularly to such as are required to operate ovei a wide range of speeds.

One of my objects is to make such machines eiticiently available for operation In conjunction with storage batteries.

Other objects and advantages of my machine will appear from the following de scription.

Broadly speaking I achieve my ob ects by operating an a-pole ari'uatm'c in a field structure capable of being so magnetized as to form a pole field and more particularly in a field structure baring mechanical poles. To this end I make use on the revolving member of main brushes and at least of onc auxiliary brush thus making it possible to derive from said revolving member either two oppositely directed E. M. F.s or a resultant of two such E. M. FPS. I then provide field coils and so connect them to the brushes on the revolving member that the magnetization produced in 2a of the field poles, to which I will refer as the auxiliary poles, made dependent on the difierence between two E. M. F.s generated in the revolving member whilothe magnetization in the remaining field poles to which 1 will refer as the main poles. is made dependent on only one of the E. M. F.s generated in the armature. In some cases I so proportion the two.E. M. F.s generated in the revol ving member that their resultant which is responsible for the magnetization of the auxiliary poles, reverses its sign during the operation of the machine thus reversing the polarity of these poles. When making use of this modification I prefer to have the change of polarity take place at the higher speeds thus operating my armature in, an

. n-pole field at low speeds.

My invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying diagram matic drawings all illustrating machines provided with two-pole arniatures in which,

Figure 1 is a dynamo in which the two main poles are excited from the auxiliary brushes while the magnetization of the four auxiliary poles depends on two independent sets of coils, one set being connected to the main, the other to the auxiliary brushes; Fig. 2 is a modification of Fig. 1 in which the excitation of the auxiliary poles is made dependent on the resultant of two E. M. Fs derived from the armature and impressed on one set of auxiliary exciting coils; Fig. 3 differs from the previousexamples in that the initial magnetization of the field structure is such as to produce it instead of 3a poles as before. In Fig. 4: the cross section of the individual auxiliary poles is about one-half the cross section of a main pole and the latter are excited from the main brushes of the machine. Fig. 5 is a modification of Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 shows independent magnetic circuits for three sets of poles.

Referring to Fig. l the armature carries a two-pole commuted winding 3 and is lo cated within a field structure having six well defined polar projections. The main brushes 5,-6 enacting with the commuted winding 3 are located between adjacent auxiliary poles N S and N 5,. The auxiliary brushes 7, 8 also coacting with the commuted winding 3 are displaced from the main brushes by sixty electrical degrees in the direction of rotation and are therefore located between a main and an auxiliary pole: The main brushes are so connected to a set of auxiliary exciting coils 9, 10, 12, 11 as to produce in the auxiliary poles a magnetization of the direction indicated by the capital letters appearing on said poles. The auxiliary brushes are so connected to another set of auxiliary exciting coils 33, 32, 30, 31 as to oppose the magnetization produced by the auxiliary exciting coils 9, 10, 12, 11'. The resultant magnetization of these poles is therefore due to the difi'erence between the E. M. F.s of the two sets of coils. or, in

other words, to the difference between the main E. M. F. generated inthe armature and appearing at the brushes 5, 6 and the auxiliary E. M. F. also generated in the armature but appearing at the auxiliary brushes 7, 8. The main magnetization is dependent on the auxiliary E. M. F. only, be-

cause the main exciting coils 13, 14 are connected to the auxiliary brushes. The auxiliary poles also carry main neutralizing coils 15, 16, 17, 18 so connected as to oppose the armature reaction flux along the axis of the main brushes. An inspection of Fig. 1 shows that the auxiliary fluxes threading the poles N S and N S have no influence on the magnitude of the E. lVI. F. appearing at the auxiliary brushes but do influence the magnitude of the E. M. F. appearing at the main brushes. ing the poles N S however affects the magnitude of both E. M. F.s. It increases the auxiliary and diminishes the main E. M. F. because the direction of the main flux through the armature opposes the direction of the auxiliary flux through the latter. Neither the armature reaction flux along the main brush line nor the neutralizing flux along that axis have any effect on the main E. M. F. but they both affect the auxiliary E. M. F. The armature reaction flux diminishes, the neutralizing flux increases said E. M. F. i

The operation of the machine is somewhat as follows: Assuming the armature reaction flux to be entirely neutralized by the coils 15., 16, 17, 18, the direction of rotation to be counter-clockwise and a storage battery 29 to be connected to the terminals of the machine, then the currents in the various windings will be as shown by the arrows, and at speeds just sufficient'for the dynamo to send a small charging current through the battery the two-pole armature will be revolving in a true although may be an unequal six-pole field. For the arrangement shown in F 1 it will be'generally preferable to so proportion the circuits that at low speeds the main flux is small and the auxiliary flux is large. As the speed increases the voltage at the main brushes will remain practically constant because the auxiliary voltage increasing with the speed Will diminish the resultant magnetization of the auxiliary poles and will simultaneously increase the opposite magnetization threading the main poles. The decrease of the auxiliary and the increase in the main magnetization both tend todecrease the main volt-- age while the increase in the main magnetization acts cumulatively on the auxiliary E. M. F. and increases the latter rapidly. The main "oltage can be .made to rise with increasing load by so proportioning or regulating the main neutralizing coils that the neutralizing flux, which is proportional to the-load current, is always less than the armature reaction flux. If the neutralizing flux is made to exceed the armature reaction flux then the main voltage will tend to decrease with increasing current output. In Fig. 2 the'auxiliarybrushes 7, 8 are displaced from the main brushes 5, 6 by The main flux thread-- sixty electrical degrees against the direction of rotation with the result that now it is the armature reaction flux and not the oppositely directed neutralizing flux which in-- onl one set of auxiliar excitin coils and Y is these are connected between the main and the auxiliary brushes. The auxiliary magnetization in Fig. 2 is therefore directly instead of indirectly dependent on the difference between the E. M. F. appearing at the main and that appearing at the auxiliary brushes. Auxiliary exciting coils corresponding to 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Fig. 1, may be provided, and also a set of'auxiliary neutralizing coils, 20, 21, 2 1, 25, 22 and 23, one for each pole, and intended to neutralize the armature reaction due to the auxiliary exciting current circulating in the commuted winding 3 between the brushes 7 5 and 6, 8, and producing a magnetization of the general direction N S In order to properly oppose this armature reaction all the auxiliary neutralizing coils must carry the auxiliary exciting current,' or a current proportional thereto and should therefore be connected in series with the auxiliary exciting coils. Instead of providing the ten independent coils just referred to as shown in Fig.- 5, I prefer to combine such of them as would be coaxially disposed. thus economizing, space and'material. This leads to the arrangementshown in Fig. 2, in which the six coils, (9 20), (10+21), 24, (12 23), (11+22) and 25 perform thefunctions of the said ten coils. The designation adopted for each of these six coils indicates the man ner in which the corresponding independent coils above referred to have been combined. Thus the coil, (10-1-21) is given a number of turns equal to the sum of the turns of the auxiliary exciting coil 10 and the auxiliary neutralizing coil21, which would have been disposed on the pole in N had .independent exciting and neutralizing coils been used. Similiarly coil (9-2()) of Fig. 2. is given a number of turns equal to the difference between the turns of the corresponding independent coils 9 and 20.- There being no auxiliary exciting coils on the main poles the auxiliary neutralizing coils 24, 25 located on said poles are not combined with any other coils. Main exciting coils corresponding to 13, 14 of Fig. 1 are connected to the auxiliary brushes. In order to neutralize the armature. reaction due to the main exciting current and appearing along the axis 8, 7 I provide the subsidiary neutralizing coils 35, 36, 38, 37, combining 35 and 37 with the main coils 13., 14 of Fig. i in the manner 2. It will be understood and subsidiary neutralizing coils need not al\ ays be used. They are most likely to be 0 use in machines in which the exciting currents arelarge as compared with the load current.

A switch 27 is shown in Fig. 2 between the battery 29 and the dynamo, this switch should only be closed after the dynamo has reached a predetermined speed.

Instead of joining all six poles by a common yoke 19, it will be understood that each of the following pairs of poles N 8,, N S N S can be joined by magnetically independent yokes, as illustrated in Fig. 6.

In Fig. 3 the auxiliary brushes are displaced from the main brushes by sixty elec' trical degrees in the direction of rotation. The one set of auxiliary exciting coils is so connected between the main and the auxiliary brushes as to make the magnetization of the auxiliary poles directly dependent on the difference between the main and the auxiliary M. F.s or vice versa and the main exciting coils 13. 1'-l are connected to the auxiliary brushes in such a way as to produce an n-polc, here twopole, field at low speeds. The main neutralizing coils carrying a currentproportional to the load current are located as in the previous examples. In this case the armature reaction flux is of a direction to increase the auxiliary E. M. F. while the oppositely directed neutralizing flux causes said E. M. F. to decrease. This arrangement has the advantage of utilizing the active material to better advantage at the lower speeds and I prefer to so proportion my windings as tocause the auxiliary .lij M. F. to become greater than the main 1). M. F. at the higher speeds thus causing the polarity oi the auxiliary poles N, S,, X, 8,, to become zero and finally to reverse thus converting the field from an n-pole field at low speeds to a 3n pole field at the higher speeds. This is indicated in the figure by the dotted arrows placed alongside of the auxiliary poles and by the small polarity letters s, 17,. s, a inclosed by circles.

In Fig. 4 the auxiliary brushes are set back of the main brushes by somewhat less than sixty electrical degrees because the cross section of the individual auxiliary poles is indicated in Fig that these auxiliary only one-halt of the cross section of the individual maln poles.

This arrangement permits of a still better utilization of the active material. are connected between the main and the auxiliary brushes as before but the main exciting coils are connected in parallel tothe main brushes.

Although I have described my invention asapplied to a dynamo yet/it Wlll be understood that the same machine an operate as a, motor. Furthermore the invention is o The auxiliary exciting coils auxiliary brushes, of a stationary machines with any num ber of pole pairs in the armature. I do not therefore desire to limit myself to the par-- ticular construction and arrangement '0 parts herein shown and described but aim in the appended claims to cover'all modifications which fall within the scope of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a revolving member having an 'n-pole winding, main brushes and auxiliary member having a main poles and 2n auxiliary poles, main exciting coils on the main poles connected in parallel with one set of brushes and means for producing a magnetization through the auxiliary poles dependent on the difference between the E. M. F.s generated at the main and auxiliary brushes.

2. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a revolving member having an n-pole winding, main brushes and auxiliary brushes of a stationary member having n main poles and Zn auxiliary poles, means for producing a magnetization through the main poles dependent only on the E. M. F. generated at one set of brushes, and means for roducing a. magnetization through the auxiliary poles dependent on the difference between the E. M. F.s generated at the main and auxiliary brushes.

3. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a stationary member, having 3%. mechanical field poles, of a revolving member having an 'n-pole winding, main brushes, and auxiliary brushes displaced therefrom, means for reducing on 2n of the field poles a magnetization dependent on the diiference between the E. M. F.s generated at the main and at the auxiliary brushes, and means for producing on the remaining field poles a magnetization dependent on the E. M. F. at the auxiliary brushes. 7

L. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a stationary member having n main and 2a auxiliary poles each provided with a winding, of a revolving member havingan ra-pole winding, main brushes and auxiliary brushes, means connecting windings on the auxiliary poles in series with a main and an auxiliary brush and means connecting the windings on the main poles in parallel with the auxiliary brushes.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a stationary member, having 3% mechanical field poles, of an n-polc revolving member having main brushes and brushes displaced therefrom. means for producing on 2% of the field poles a magnetization dependent on the difference between the E.

M: F.s generated at the main and at the auxiliary brushes, means for pro course applicable to ducing on the remaining field poles a magnetization dependent on the E. M. F. at the auxiliary brushes, and means for controlling the armature reaction along the axis of the main brushes.

6. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a stationary. member provided with a main and 2n auxiliary poles, of a revolving member having an n-pole Winding, main brushes and an auxiliary brush, means for producing a magnetization through the main poles dependent onan E. M. F. generated in the revolving memher, and coils located on the auxiliary poles and so connected to a main and an auxiliary brush as to produce together With the main poles an n-pole magnetization through the revolving member at certain speeds under load and a 3n pole magnetization at other speeds under load.

7. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination With a stationary member provided. with 11, main and 2n auxiliary poles, of a revolving member provided With an n-pole Winding, means for producing a magnetization through the main poles dependent on an E. M. F. generated in the revolving member. and means for producing on the auxiliary poles a magnetization the magnitude of which is dependent on the difference between two I). M. F.s generated along dif ferent axes in therevolvingmember, and the direction of Which at certain speeds under load is opposite to its-direction at other speeds under load.

8. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination With a tationary member having a main and 2a auxiliary poles, of a revolving member having an n-pole Winding, main brushes and auxiliary brushes, means for producing a magnetization on the main poles dependent on the E. M. F. at the auxiliary brushes. and means for producing on the auxiliary poles a magnetization the ma gnitude of Which is dependent upon the difference between the E. M. F. s generated at the main and auxiliary brushes and the direction of which at certain speeds under load is opposite to its direction at other Speeds under load.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and aflixed my seal in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

VALERE ALFRED FYNN. [1 8. Witnesses:

ELIZABETH BAILEY, W. A. ALEXANDER.

. M Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

